How Online Hate Works

Australian Catholic University

Australian Catholic University-led research has revealed the shocking proliferation and self-structuring of both antisemitic and Islamophobic online hate in the wake of the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attacks on Israel.

Key points:

  • Researchers have explored online antisemitic and Islamophobic hate networks and their growth following the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attacks on Israel.
  • Users participating in the online hate ecosystem grew 5.4 times between 2022 and 2025.
  • Active users became six times more toxic after the October 7 event.

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