Key elements of one of the most promising methods to accelerate recovery of degraded coral reefs on a large scale are being tested by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS).
Coral seeding aims to speed the recovery of coral to a damaged reef by increasing the number of juvenile corals. It involves releasing large quantities of young corals, that were grown in an aquaculture facility and attached to small devices, over the reef.
AIMS scientists working in the Australian Coral Reef Resilience initiative (ACRRI), in the Great Barrier Reef’s Keppel Islands, have demonstrated that corals seeded onto specially engineered devices and placed on fairly healthy reefs had a more than 85 percent survival rate at around one year of age.
Project Lead Dr Carly Randall said the next step was to test these devices on degraded reefs, and release them en masse, rather than placing and securing the devices on reefs by hand as had been done previously.
In November, healthy corals were brought to the National Sea Simulator from the Keppel Islands for spawning.
Recently, the original corals were returned to Woppaburra sea country. Their offspring, attached to 240 devices, were released onto six reefs in the area that ranged from very healthy to heavily degraded.
“The degraded sites included those with high cover of loose rubble which is unstable and can prevent new corals from settling or surviving,” Dr Randall said.
“Some sites also had significant amounts of seaweed which can compete with corals on nearshore reefs.
“We’re also measuring the natural rates of coral recruitment at our research sites to determine the supply of larvae, and whether the larvae are settling and growing in that environment.
“So, in the degraded reefs, we’ll be investigating whether the main issue is availability of coral recruits or poor survivorship.”
For the first time, half of the reef restoration devices were freely deployed. The researchers expect lower success rates of those devices, as they could get lost amongst rubble or be moved by currents, damaging the fragile corals growing on them. They are using current meters to monitor wave and water motion at the sites.
AIMS researcher Dr Cathie Page said the devices used in this latest experiment were improved: they are smaller, to test more cost-effective versions that could in the future be mass-produced in a large-scale aquaculture operation.
“They are also shaped a little differently to allow them to better settle on the reef,” she said. “We will be studying how the surrounding organisms influence the survival of the corals.”
The research is being conducted in consultation with the Woppaburra Traditional Owners. The team will collect the devices and assess survivorship in early 2023.
BHP and AIMS have jointly committed $27 million to ACRRI, a world-first biodiversity research program to promote coral reef recovery. It’s two-fold approach also involves using underwater acoustics to mimic the sounds of healthy reef ecosystems to lure fish to reefs that are being replenished using coral reseeding.
