From a mountaintop in Chile, under clear dark skies, the Simonyi Survey Telescope at the NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory has officially begun the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The 10-year survey will create the most comprehensive, cinematic record of the universe in history. Over the next decade, Rubin will observe the entire southern sky every few nights to create an ultra-wide, ultra-high-definition time-lapse record of our universe.
“The decision to officially begin the LSST was made after a period of system optimization and a careful operational review of technical readiness, data system performance and scientific validation,” said Željko Ivezić, a University of Washington professor of astronomy and head of LSST. “The University of Washington Rubin team played a central role in optimizing the observatory and helping prepare it for the start of full survey operations.”
Rubin Observatory’s unique design combines enormous light-collecting power, the ability to move rapidly across the sky and a wide field of view. Its 3,200-megapixel camera – the largest digital camera in the world – is now capturing a new, detailed image approximately every 40 seconds. Operating with this speed and sensitivity, Rubin is capable of catching faint objects and fleeting events with reliability and consistency every night.
Over the next decade, Rubin will illuminate a treasure trove of discoveries: pulsating stars, supernova explosions, the fossil record of galaxies, clues to the mysteries of dark energy and dark matter, and entirely new phenomena we’ve never seen before. Some cosmic processes unfold slowly, unpredictably or incredibly rarely, which is why a 10-year survey is essential. By returning to each point in the sky about 800 times over a decade, Rubin data will provide the scientific community with deep, time-rich views needed to uncover subtle events, capture moving objects and study the accelerating expansion of the universe.
This milestone follows the Rubin First Look event that took place in June 2025, which was followed by final commissioning work, an operational readiness review and the beginning of the alert stream.
Each night, Rubin collects approximately 10 terabytes of data and produces as many as seven million alerts of changes in the night sky. These alerts stream to alert brokers: automated systems that sort and classify these changes so scientists can act quickly. UW researchers led by Eric Bellm, research associate professor of astronomy, developed the alert pipeline.
“Astronomers have already used Rubin’s public alerts to discover and follow up hundreds of transient phenomena during the early optimization period,” Bellm said. “We can expect many more exciting discoveries with the start of the full survey.”
Not only is Rubin helping to unlock the mysteries of the distant universe, it is also the most powerful solar system discovery machine ever built. By taking about a thousand images every night, Rubin is compiling a detailed census of our solar system, including millions of asteroids and comets. In just a month and a half, during early optimization surveys, Rubin discovered over 11,000 never-before-seen asteroids, including 33 near-Earth objects and 380 trans-Neptunian objects.
When the LSST is complete, the final dataset will contain billions of objects with trillions of measurements, all accessible through regular data releases. This is the first time so much astronomical data will be available to so many people, opening the door to new kinds of discovery by both scientists and the public. Rubin invites anyone in the world to engage with its data and explore the dynamic universe in ways never before possible.
“It is amazing and humbling to be here at this time and place as we start the Legacy Survey of Space and Time, after more than two decades of incredible work by our dedicated team,” said Bob Blum, director of Rubin Observatory at NSF NOIRLab. “Rubin Observatory is for everyone; the LSST will change how we do astronomy and astrophysics, allowing researchers anywhere to participate in cutting-edge science.”
Visit rubinobservatory.org to follow the status of the LSST in real time.
Rubin Observatory is jointly operated by NSF NOIRLab and SLAC. Observatory operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.
