Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Australia. In 2024, it was the fifth most diagnosed cancer nationwide, whilst among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, it is the most diagnosed cancer.
A major challenge with lung cancer is that it is often detected at an advanced stage, when treatment options are limited, and outcomes poorer.
However, a new nationwide initiative from the Australian Government’s Department of Health, Disability and Ageing aims to change that.
Introducing the National Lung Cancer Screening Program
Launching in July 2025, the National Lung Cancer Screening Program (NLCSP) is a significant advancement in the early detection and prevention of lung cancer deaths. The program, which targets eligible Australians at higher risk of lung cancer, offers free, low dose computed tomography (CT) scans, every two years with the aim of diagnosing lung cancer earlier.
Early detection is critical. It can significantly improve survival rates, lead to more effective treatment options, and improve quality of life. It is estimated that the NLCSP will prevent more than 500 lung cancer deaths each year.
Who is eligible for the program?
To take part in the National Lung Cancer Screening Program, you must meet all the following criteria:
- Be aged between 50 and 70 years
- Show no signs or symptoms of lung cancer (asymptomatic)
- Currently smoke, or have quit smoking within the last 10 years
- Have a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years
What is a pack-year?
A pack-year is a measure of how much someone has smoked over time. One pack-year equals smoking one pack of cigarettes (20 cigarettes) per day for one year. For example, smoking two packs per day for 15 years equals 30 pack-years. Your healthcare provider can help you calculate your pack-year history and confirm your eligibility.
How does the program work?
- Once your healthcare provider confirms that you are eligible, they will enrol you in the program through the National Cancer Screening Register.
- Your doctor or specialist will refer you for a free low-dose CT scan – a quick, painless procedure that takes just 10 – 15 minutes and uses significantly less radiation than a standard CT scan.
- This special imaging helps detect early signs of lung cancer, such as nodules or other small growths that often appear before any symptoms develop.
- Results are reviewed and assessed.
- If your results indicate a very low risk of lung cancer you will be invited for another scan in two years.
Access and additional support
- Low-dose CT scans will be available in many regional towns and centres. Mobile screening trucks, operated by Heart of Australia, will provide additional to help reach people living in rural and remote areas.
- The low-dose CT scan is free. However, some healthcare providers may charge a consultation fee if they do not bulk bill.
- The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO) is partnering with the government to ensure the program is culturally safe and accessible for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
- The screening program is only for those who are not currently experiencing any lung cancer symptoms. If you have any concerns or signs of lung cancer, speak with your doctor immediately.
- Quitting smoking remains the most effective way to reduce your risk of lung cancer. Support is available through services like Quitline, and it’s never too late to stop.
If you think you might be eligible, talk to your healthcare provider to learn more and take the first step towards protecting your health.
