Darren Hickey, Project Leader BetterBeef Network
With spring calving well underway, it won’t be long before the bulls are back to work. Now is the time to make sure your bull team is healthy, sound and ready for joining.
Why pre-joining checks matter
Bulls may look fit and healthy but could still underperform during joining leaving you with lower than expected pregnancy rates. Problems can be identified during a pre-joining check, but without one they may not become apparent until pregnancy scanning or even calving.
Healthy, fertile bulls are key to achieving a tight calving window – ideally with 65% of calves born in the first 3 weeks, 20% in the next 3, and the remaining calves in the final 3 weeks. With cows cycling every 21 days, joining for 63 days will provide 3 exposures/ cycles to the bull. This compact calving pattern produces a more even line of calves, making them easier to manage, grow out and market.
Four areas to check before joining
- Health and vaccinations
Bulls are often kept in small paddocks for extended periods and can be prone to worm burdens.
An annual drench is recommended, and vaccinations should also be up to date, particularly for clostridial diseases and vibriosis, which can cause significant reproductive losses.
- Body condition
Body condition is another critical factor. Bulls should be in a condition score of 3 at least 2 months before joining. Under-conditioned bulls may have reduced fertility, while over-fat bulls (condition scores 4 or 5) can suffer from reduced testicular function and mobility issues.
- Fertility
Don’t rely on appearance alone. Fertility testing is strongly recommended. Studies show that up to 1 in 5 bulls may be sub-fertile, meaning they won’t perform effectively during mating.
- Physical soundness
Identifying problems before joining allows time to make informed decisions. A comprehensive pre-joining BullCheck by a veterinarian involves a full physical assessment, including legs, feet, sheath, penis, and general health. Some ailments can be treated, others cannot.
The vet will also assess scrotal circumference and testicle tone – both strong indicators of fertility.
Semen is examined microscopically to check sperm motility and morphology, giving you an accurate picture of your bull’s reproductive potential.
Don’t leave preparation until the last minute
It’s best to manage body condition steadily in the lead-up to mating. Last-minute feeding changes won’t improve semen quality in time, as sperm takes several weeks to develop.
A well-prepared bull team sets the foundation for a productive and profitable calving season. By investing in their health, condition, and fertility – and using them effectively – you’re positioning your herd for greater success in the seasons ahead.
